Consonant Epenthesis

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Further examples of epenthesis include the following.

) means the addition of one or more sounds to a word, especially to the interior of a word.

Other examples exist in Modern Persian in which former word-initial consonant clusters (which were still extant in Middle Persian) are regularly broken up: Middle Persian brādar Modern Persian (Iran) sotūn "column"; modern borrowings are also affected.

In the Western Romance languages, a prothetic vowel was inserted at the beginning of any word that began with /s/ and another consonant: Latin spatha "sword" modern épée.

Epenthesis may be represented in writing or be a feature only of the spoken language.

Comparison Essay Contrast - Consonant Epenthesis

A consonant may be added to separate vowels in hiatus. Regular examples in English are -i-, used in forming Latinate words such as equidistant, and -o-, used in forming words on Greek roots or general compounds, as in speedometer.Examples of this kind are common in many Slavic languages, which showed a preference for open (vowel-final) syllables in earlier times.The other Slavic languages instead metathesised the vowel and the consonant, creating *grodŭ (Polish gród, Czech hrad, Serbo-Croatian grad).Regular or semiregular epenthesis commonly occurs in languages that use affixes. That is again a synchronic analysis, as the form with the vowel is the original form and the vowel was later lost in many but not all cases.Vocalic epenthesis typically occurs when words are borrowed from a language that has consonant clusters or syllable codas that are not permitted in the borrowing language, though this is not always the cause.That may well produce impermissible final clusters.In some cases, the problem was resolved by allowing a resonant to become syllabic or inserting a vowel in the middle of a cluster: Proto-Germanic akraz "field, acre" (French montre "watch" (clock)).A limited number of words in Japanese use epenthetic consonants to separate vowels.An example of this is the word harusame of ame; note that this is a synchronic analysis (using current forms to analyze an irregularity). It requires rapid movements of the vocal apparatus to ensure smooth transitions from one consonant to another.For the very young child, sequences of consonants may be too difficult to pronounce in rapid succession.